OK. So…
It can be argued that the Jews are synonymous with the Hebrews descendants of Heber / Eber (a.s.) son of Shelah son of Arpaxad son of Shem son of Noah (a.s).
Alternatively, if you are referring specifically to the Israelites / Children of Israel then they are the descendants of the 12 tribes/sons of Israel/Jacob (a.s.) son of Isaac (a.s.) son of Abram/Abraham (a.s.) son of Terah son of Nahor son of Serug son of Reu son of Peleg son of Heber (a.s.)
now…
things get interesting when you ask who were the original Arabs; descendants of Qahtan /Joktan son of Heber (a.s)! (Whaaat? so… would that mean Heber; father of the Hebrews was also father of the Arabs through his son Qahtan? Arab historians would rather claim that Heber/Hud (prophet) was one of the first Arabs, since he lived in Arabia. Nevertheless, it could imply that Heber was the common ancestor of the Hebrews and Arabs! - baring in mind that these distinctions did not yet exist at this time in history)
NOTE 1:
It is important not to confuse the original Qahtanite Arabs (who originated from the southern regions of Arabia - i.e.Yemen) with later Ishmaelites or Adnanites who only became Arab by intermarrying with existing Arabian tribes.
NOTE 2:
A common misconception is that Jews descend from Isaac (a.s) son of Abram/Abraham (a.s.) with his wife Sarai/Sarah whereas Arabs descend from Ishmael (a.s.) son of Abraham (a.s) with his Egyptian maidservant Hagar / Hagar in Islam. As you can see, the true history is slightly more complex and intertwined
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